The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome isn’t well understood but may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Symptoms include menstrual irregularity, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity.
Treatments include birth control pills to regularise periods, a medication called metformin to prevent diabetes, statins to control high cholesterol, hormones to increase fertility, and procedures to remove excess hair.
Amenorrhoea is the absence of menstrual periods in a woman during her reproductive years (after the age of puberty but before the typical age of menopause). The absence of periods can have causes that aren’t due to underlying disease. Examples include menopause, pregnancy, use of birth control, medication side effects, delayed puberty and stress.
Dysmenorrhoea is the term used to describe painful periods. Period pain from your first period or shortly after, and without a specific cause, is known as primary dysmenorrhoea. Period pain caused by certain reproductive disorders, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, or fibroids, is known as secondary dysmenorrhoea.
Menorrhagia is the medical term for menstrual periods with abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding. Although heavy menstrual bleeding is a common concern, most women don’t experience blood loss severe enough to be defined as menorrhagia.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is a condition that affects nearly every woman at some point in her life. Also called abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), DUB is a condition that causes vaginal bleeding to occur outside of the regular menstrual cycle. Certain hormonal conditions and medications may also trigger DUB.
Endometriosis is a disorder in which tissue similar to the tissue that forms the lining of your uterus grows outside of your uterine cavity. The lining of your uterus is called the endometrium. Endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows on your ovaries, bowel, and tissues lining your pelvis.
Anovulation is the lack or absence of ovulation (the release of an egg). It is a common cause of infertility. Anovulation is often the result of an imbalance of the hormones that cause a woman to ovulate and may be part of the condition of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Adenomyosis is a condition in which the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium) breaks through the muscle wall of the uterus (the myometrium). Adenomyosis can cause menstrual cramps, lower abdominal pressure, and bloating before menstrual periods and can result in heavy periods. The condition can be located throughout the entire uterus or localized in one spot.
Many symptoms are found related to postmenopausal syndrome: Hot flushes, irritability, mood swings, insomnia, dry vagina, difficulty concentrating, mental confusion, stress incontinence, urge incontinence, osteoporotic symptoms, depression, headache, vasomotor symptoms, insomnia etc.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability, and depression. It’s estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome.
Causes of cervical ulceration include infection, collagen disease, malignant tumors, and external stimuli. Cervical ulceration during pregnancy is rare. We present a case of cervical ulceration caused by group C streptococcal infection during pregnancy.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of one or more of the upper reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Untreated PID can cause scar tissue and pockets of infected fluid (abscesses) to develop in the reproductive tract, which can cause permanent damage.
Pregnancy care consists of prenatal (before birth) and postpartum (after birth) healthcare for expectant mothers. It involves treatments and training to ensure a healthy prepregnancy, pregnancy, and labor and delivery for mom and baby.